A dispersant is a surfactant having both opposite properties of lipophilicity and hydrophilicity in a molecule. The solid particles of the inorganic, organic pigment which are difficult to dissolve in the liquid can be uniformly dispersed, and at the same time, the sedimentation and aggregation of the solid particles can be prevented, and the agent required for the stable suspension can be formed.
1. Fatty acids, aliphatic amides and esters
The combination of stearic acid amide and higher alcohol can improve lubricity and thermal stability. The amount (mass fraction, the same below) is 0.3%-0.8%, and it can also be used as a slip agent for polyolefin; hexenyl bis stearamide, also Said ethylene bis stearamide, is a high melting point lubricant, the amount is 0.5% to 2%;
Stearic acid monoglyceride, glyceryl tristearate; oleic acid acyl acid dosage 0.2% to 0.5%; hydrocarbon paraffin solid, melting point 57-70 ° C, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents, dispersibility in resin Compatibility, thermal stability are poor, the dosage is generally below 0.5%.
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2. Paraffin
Although paraffin wax is an external lubricant, it is a non-polar linear hydrocarbon and cannot wet the metal surface, that is, it cannot prevent the resin such as polyvinyl chloride from sticking to the metal wall, and only when combined with stearic acid or calcium stearate. In order to play a synergistic effect.
Liquid paraffin: freezing point -15--35 ° C, in the extrusion and injection molding process, the compatibility with the resin is poor, the addition amount is generally 0.3% -0.5%, when too much, the processing performance is deteriorated.
Microcrystalline paraffin: obtained from petroleum refining process, its relative molecular mass is large, and there are many isomers, melting point 65-90 ° C, good lubricity and thermal stability, but poor dispersion, the dosage is generally 0.1 %-0.2%, preferably combined with butyl stearate and higher fatty acids.
3. Metal soap
Metal salts of higher fatty acids, called metal soaps, such as barium stearate, suitable for a variety of plastics, the amount is about 0.5%; zinc stearate is suitable for polyolefin, ABS, etc., the amount is 0.3%; calcium stearate Suitable for general purpose plastics, for external lubrication, dosage 0.2%-1.5%; other stearic acid soaps such as cadmium stearate, magnesium stearate, copper stearate.
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4. Low molecular waxes
Low molecular weight wax is a series of oligomers with different properties which are obtained by cracking and oxidizing various polyethylene (homopolymer or copolymer), polypropylene, polystyrene or other polymer modified materials. .
Its main products are: homopolymer, oxidized homopolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, low molecular ionomer and other five categories. Among them, polyethylene wax, polyethylene wax chemical name is polyethylene glycol, English name PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol) is most commonly used.