This summer, the high temperatures sweeping the world have made people really feel the power of global warming. According to data published by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences in Science China, between 1901 and 2012, almost every corner of the world has a warming trend.
On the 6th of this month, a report by a number of scientists from the Stockholm Environmental Recovery Center in Stockholm, the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, the Australian National University and the Potsdam Climate Impact Institute in Germany, published in the Journal of the National Academy of Sciences, pointed out that Even if countries achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, it is still difficult to prevent the average temperature of the Earth from rising by 4 to 5 degrees Celsius and become a real "greenhouse."
For ordinary people, what is the average temperature of the earth rising a few degrees? In addition to feeling the heat of the steamer, in fact, many changes are quietly happening. What are the effects of global warming? What happens after global warming?
The sea ice in the Arctic seas continues to decrease. We are not only losing polar bears.
In the ninth Arctic scientific expedition in China, sea ice observation is one of the key points of the investigation. Lei Ruibo, chief scientist of China’s ninth Arctic Science Expedition and a researcher at the China Polar Research Center, said in an interview with the media that the global community is generally convinced that global warming is the main cause of the decline in sea ice cover in Arctic waters in recent years. one.
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Summary of the impact of global warming
In the past 40 years, the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice has been one of the most significant changes on the Earth's surface. From the overall situation of the Arctic Ocean, Rayleigh Bo said that as of July 31, the Arctic Ocean sea ice coverage reached the fourth lowest since 1979, only higher than the same period in 2007, 2011 and 2012.
On land, the advance or delay of plant flowering is a testament to climate change in the region; in the ocean, sea ice is reduced or increased, which is also a manifestation of climate change in the sea area. The Arctic is important in global climate change. The Arctic sea ice, which directly reflects the Arctic climate change, has also become the “wind vane” of global climate change.
What are the consequences and consequences of sea ice if it continues to melt?
According to Rayleigh Wave, sea ice accelerates ablation, the ocean's ability to reflect solar radiation is weakened, and the upper ocean absorbs more heat, causing the Arctic climate to warm up about twice the global level. “That is, if the global temperature rises by an average of 2 degrees Celsius, the temperature in the Arctic may rise by 4 to 5 degrees Celsius.”
He said that the Arctic sea ice reduction will induce rapid changes in the Arctic ocean, sea ice and atmospheric systems through a series of feedback effects. For example, the increase of open waters and the melting of coastal frozen soil will accelerate the erosion of the coast and affect the living environment of the aborigines. .
The reduction of sea ice will also pose a threat to the Arctic ecosystem, causing major environmental problems such as ocean acidification and widespread spread of permafrost pollutants, affecting the total amount of photosynthesis available to marine organisms and affecting the living environment of large mammals. For example, polar bears may lose their place to survive and prey because of sea ice retreat.
Forest soils absorb methane and reduce global warming
Researchers from Sichuan Agricultural University and the City University of New York reported on the 6th of this year in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that global warming has led to a decline in the ability of forest soils to absorb methane, one of the main greenhouse gases, which may accelerate the rise of the atmosphere. Methane concentration, which in turn exacerbates global warming.
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Methane is a greenhouse gas with a greenhouse effect 20 times higher than carbon dioxide. Forest soils can absorb methane from the atmosphere through microbes in the soil. However, researchers have found that the methane uptake capacity of forest soils in many places has been declining in recent years, while the concentration of methane in the atmosphere has increased in these areas.
Researchers believe that climate change leads to increased rainfall and reduces the ability of forest soils to capture methane. They believe that people can't always rely on nature to solve greenhouse gas problems. Trees and oceans do not continue to absorb carbon dioxide, and the soil does not continue to absorb methane.
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Summary of the impact of global warming
Increased global warming is turning the sea turtle community into a "daughter country"
Sri Lanka's long coastline is a natural gathering place for sea turtles, but today the number of marine “living fossils” is dramatically decreasing. Originally, the survival rate of small turtles was extremely low, and about 1,000 turtle eggs could hatch a small turtle. In recent years, the survival of sea turtles has become more and more difficult. The fishing nets have been entangled, the smuggling behavior has been repeatedly banned, and the expansion of the resort has caused the newly-caught turtles to die in the short-circuit to the sea.
What is even more worrying is that the sex of the baby turtle is not determined by the chromosome, but by the temperature. When the temperature in the bunker exceeds 30 degrees Celsius, the turtle eggs will hatch the female turtles, and when they are below 30 degrees Celsius, they hatch. It is a male turtle.
Undoubtedly, the intensification of global warming is turning the sea turtle community into a "daughter country". Among the natural breeding turtles, "ten only nine and a half are women." Adjusting the temperature of the bunker and manually intervening the turtle sex is an important part of the current turtle protection.
Global warming has brought us more than that.
The landscape changes from green to yellow, the forest fire spreads, and the melting of snow and ice causes the height of the mountain to change... Behind these phenomena, there is an increase in the temperature of the earth's surface.
However, we must be clear that the carrying capacity of the Earth's environment has a “threshold”, which is the “threshold value”. Once climate change breaks this limit, it may trigger a shift in the global ecosystem from “neutral” or “beneficial” to “harmful”.
Then, what are the “tipping points” phenomenon of “detonating” the rapid deterioration of the climate? The scientists gave some answers:
The "permafrost layer" melts. A large amount of methane and carbon dioxide are sequestered in the permafrost regions of Russia, Canada, and northern Europe. Once released by the thawing of frozen soil, global warming will accelerate, and the warming process will in turn accelerate the release of these greenhouse gases. Scientists call it For the "positive feedback" effect.
The forest is dead. Scientific research shows that once the global temperature rises to 3 degrees Celsius, 40% of the Amazon rainforest may be "dead"; this process may continue into the next century; mountain fire disasters may accelerate this destruction process.
Ice and snow are less. The area of polar glaciers is rapidly shrinking, especially in the Arctic Ocean. Unlike the surface of ice and snow, which reflects solar radiation into space, the seawater melted by ice and snow will absorb more solar radiation, causing seawater to heat up, which in turn will cause more glaciers to melt and form a vicious circle. The report predicts that the Arctic Ocean may usher in the first “ice-free summer” before mid-century; this situation will occur every four years, according to a global warming of 2 degrees Celsius.
Sea-level rise. Scientists have different forecasts of the rate at which ice sheets and ice sheets in West Antarctica and Greenland are affected by global warming, but agree that there is a “tipping point” that could trigger when the Earth heats up by 1 to 3 degrees Celsius. The melting of these two ice sheets will raise the sea level by 13 meters. However, two-thirds of the world's largest cities and most of the arable farms are no more than 10 meters above sea level...
Global warming not only makes us feel uncomfortable, but also challenges our common home.
Scientists suggest that to prevent this change, simply reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and work hard to protect forests, maintain soils, maintain biodiversity, improve technology to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide, and store underground.
For our individual, it is also important to develop a comprehensive low-carbon green lifestyle in daily life.
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